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Geometry Difficulty 6.1 National Olympiad Prove it Hong Kong

Given ABC\triangle ABC with CA>BC>ABCA > BC > AB, let OO and HH be the circumcentre and orthocentre of ABC\triangle ABC respectively. Denote by DD and EE the midpoints of arcs AB^\widehat{AB} and AC^\widehat{AC} of the circumcircle of ABC\triangle ABC not containing the opposite vertices. Let DD' be the reflection of DD in side ABAB and EE' be the reflection of EE in side ACAC. Prove that O,H,D,EO, H, D', E' are concyclic if and only if A,D,EA, D', E' are collinear.

Solution

We claim that both statements are equivalent to A=60\angle A = 60^\circ.

Firstly,
A,D,EA, D', E' are collinear
BAD+CAE=BAC \Leftrightarrow \angle BAD' + \angle CAE' = \angle BAC
BAD+CAE=BAC \Leftrightarrow \angle BAD + \angle CAE = \angle BAC
C2+B2=A \Leftrightarrow \frac{C}{2} + \frac{B}{2} = A
90A2=A \Leftrightarrow 90^\circ - \frac{A}{2} = A
A=60. \Leftrightarrow A = 60^\circ.

Secondly, it is well-known that the reflection of HH in ABAB lies on (ABC)(ABC). Therefore, A,B,H,DA, B, H, D' are concyclic. Also, note that D,D,OD, D', O are collinear since all of them lie on the perpendicular bisector of ABAB. It follows that
DDH=DDB+BDH=(90ABD)+BAH=(90ABD)+BAH=(90C2)+90B=A+C2. \begin{align*} \angle DD'H &= \angle DD'B + \angle BD'H \\ &= (90^\circ - \angle ABD') + \angle BAH \\ &= (90^\circ - \angle ABD) + \angle BAH \\ &= \left(90^\circ - \frac{C}{2}\right) + 90^\circ - B \\ &= A + \frac{C}{2}. \end{align*}

Similarly, C,A,H,EC, A, H, E' are concyclic, and we have
OEH=CEHCEE=(180CAH)(90ACE)=(90+C)(90B2)=C+B2. \begin{align*} \angle OE'H &= \angle CE'H - \angle CE'E \\ &= (180^\circ - \angle CAH) - (90^\circ - \angle ACE) \\ &= (90^\circ + C) - \left(90^\circ - \frac{B}{2}\right) \\ &= C + \frac{B}{2}. \end{align*}
Now,
O,H,D,EO, H, D', E' are concyclic
DDH=OEHA+C2=C+B2A=90A2A=60. \begin{align*} \angle DD'H &= \angle OE'H \\ A + \frac{C}{2} &= C + \frac{B}{2} \\ A &= 90^\circ - \frac{A}{2} \\ A &= 60^\circ. \end{align*}

Therefore, the two statements are equivalent.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.