Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /28 of 53

Geometry Difficulty 6.6 National olympiad Prove it Vietnam

Let ABCABC be a scalene triangle. The incircle (I)(I) of triangle ABCABC touches BCBC, CACA and ABAB at DD, EE and FF respectively. The line passing through EE and perpendicular to BIBI cuts (I)(I) again at KK and the line passing through FF and perpendicular to CICI cuts (I)(I) again at LL. The point JJ is the midpoint of KLKL.

a) Prove that DD, II, and JJ are collinear.

b) Suppose that B,CB, C are fixed and AA is a moving point such that ABAC=k\frac{AB}{AC} = k (kk is a given constant). Line IE,IFIE, IF cut (I)(I) again at M,NM, N respectively (ME,NFM \neq E, N \neq F). Line MNMN cuts IB,ICIB, IC at P,QP, Q. Prove that the perpendicular bisector of the segment PQPQ passes through a fixed point.

Solution

a) Since D,ED, E are the tangency points of (I)(I) with BCBC, CACA respectively, we have DECIDE \perp CI. Moreover, FLCIFL \perp CI so DEFLDE \parallel FL. Similarly, we have DFEKDF \parallel EK.

Clearly, we have DK=DL=EFDK = DL = EF or DD lies on the perpendicular bisector of KLKL. Furthermore, II also lies on the perpendicular bisector of KLKL, therefore D,ID, I and JJ are collinear.

Figure 1

b) Let TT be the midpoint of BCBC, GG be the intersection of AIAI with BCBC and UU be the reflection of TT over GG. We will show that the perpendicular bisector of PQPQ always passes through UU. Let X,YX, Y be the intersections of EFEF with BIBI and CICI, respectively. We have
XIC=180BIC=90BAC2=AEIEFI=AEF=XEC. \angle XIC = 180^\circ - \angle BIC = 90^\circ - \frac{\angle BAC}{2} \\ = \angle AEI - \angle EFI = \angle AEF = \angle XEC.
Hence, C,I,EC, I, E and XX are concyclic, which implies BXC=90\angle BXC = 90^\circ. Similarly, we obtain BYC=90\angle BYC = 90^\circ. Since BXC=BYC=90\angle BXC = \angle BYC = 90^\circ, the four points B,C,XB, C, X and YY lie on a circle with center TT and diameter BCBC. It follows that TT lies on the perpendicular bisector of the segment XYXY.

It is easy to see that the pairs of points M,EM, E and N,FN, F are symmetric with respect to II, so EFMNEF \parallel MN or XYPQXY \parallel PQ. From there, we have IEX=IMP\triangle IEX = \triangle IMP, which implies that XX and PP are symmetric with respect to II. Similarly, we also have YY and QQ are symmetric with respect to II. Hence two perpendicular bisectors of XYXY and PQPQ are symmetric with respect to AIAI. Thus, the perpendicular bisector of PQPQ passes through UU.

Since B,CB, C are fixed, then TT is fixed. Note that GBGC=ABAC\frac{GB}{GC} = \frac{AB}{AC} remains unchanged so GG is fixed. Hence UU is fixed. So the perpendicular bisector of PQPQ always passes through the fixed point UU. \square

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.