Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /3 of 20

Geometry Difficulty 5.5 AIME, harder Prove it North Macedonia

The point OO is the centre of the circumcircle of triangle ΔABC\Delta ABC.
The line AOAO intersects the side BCBC in point NN, and the line BOBO the side ACAC in point MM. Prove that, if CM=CNCM = CN, then AC=BCAC = BC.

Solution

Then ABC>BAC\angle ABC > \angle BAC i.e. ADC=ABC>BAC=BDC\angle ADC = \angle ABC > \angle BAC = \angle BDC.
This implies

But
AOE=2ACE and BOE=2BCE. \angle AOE = 2\angle ACE \text{ and } \angle BOE = 2\angle BCE.
Hence
AOE<BOE\angle AOE < \angle BOE i.e. AE<BE\overline{AE} < \overline{BE}
(ABO\triangle ABO is isosceles).
From Ceva's theorem we have:
AMMCCNNBBEEA=1, \frac{\overline{AM}}{MC} \cdot \frac{\overline{CN}}{NB} \cdot \frac{\overline{BE}}{EA} = 1,
and it holds that CM=CN\overline{CM} = \overline{CN} (by condition).
We get that AMBN=EABE<1\frac{\overline{AM}}{BN} = \frac{\overline{EA}}{\overline{BE}} < 1 i.e. we have
AC=AM+CM=AM+CN<BN+CN=BC \overline{AC} = \overline{AM} + \overline{CM} = \overline{AM} + \overline{CN} < \overline{BN} + \overline{CN} = \overline{BC}
which is in contradiction with (1).
Analogously we can show that AC<BC\overline{AC} < \overline{BC} is impossible. This implies AC=BC\overline{AC} = \overline{BC}.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.