Maths Olympiad Prep

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Number theory Difficulty 4.5 AIME Prove it United States

Problem:
Without a calculator, find a factor 859219+6985^{9}-21^{9}+6^{9} that is between 2000 and 3000.

Solution

Solution:
We know that 85921985^{9}-21^{9} has 8521=6485-21=64 as a factor, and 696^{9} also has 6464 as a factor, so the sum is divisible by 6464.

Similarly, 219+69-21^{9}+6^{9} is divisible by 21+6=15-21+6=-15, which means it is divisible by 55. Since 85985^{9} is also divisible by 55, the whole sum is divisible by 55.

Finally, 859+6985^{9}+6^{9} is divisible by 85+6=9185+6=91, so it is divisible by 77. Since 21921^{9} is also divisible by 77, the sum is divisible by 77.

Since the sum is divisible by 6464, 55, and 77, it is also divisible by 6457=224064 \cdot 5 \cdot 7 = 2240.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.