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Ninth STARS OF MATHEMATICS Competition, 2015

Algebra Difficulty 4.9 AIME Prove it Romania

Given non-negative real numbers aa, bb, cc such that ab+bc+ca+2abc=1ab + bc + ca + 2abc = 1, show that a+b+c≥2\sqrt{a} + \sqrt{b} + \sqrt{c} \ge 2 and determine the cases of equality.

Solution

The condition in the statement is equivalent to 11+a+11+b+11+c=2\frac{1}{1+a} + \frac{1}{1+b} + \frac{1}{1+c} = 2. If tt is a non-negative real number, then t≥2t1+t=2−21+t\sqrt{t} \ge \frac{2t}{1+t} = 2 - \frac{2}{1+t}, and equality holds if and only if tt is either 00 or 11. Consequently,
a+b+c≥2−21+a+2−21+b+2−21+c=6−2(11+a+11+b+11+c)=2. \begin{aligned} \sqrt{a} + \sqrt{b} + \sqrt{c} &\ge 2 - \frac{2}{1+a} + 2 - \frac{2}{1+b} + 2 - \frac{2}{1+c} \\ &= 6 - 2\left(\frac{1}{1+a} + \frac{1}{1+b} + \frac{1}{1+c}\right) = 2. \end{aligned}

By the preceding, equality holds if and only if one of the numbers aa, bb, cc is 00, and the other two are both equal to 11.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.