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Geometry Difficulty 7.4 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it JBMO

Problem:

Consider triangle ABCA B C such that ABACA B \leq A C. Point DD on the arc BCB C of the circumcircle of ABCA B C not containing point AA and point EE on side BCB C are such that
B A D= C A E< 1 2 B A C .\text{B A D= C A E< 1 2 B A C .}
Let SS be the midpoint of segment ADA D. If A D E= A B C- A C B\text{A D E= A B C- A C B} prove that
B S C=2 B A C\text{B S C=2 B A C}

Solution

Solution:

Let the tangent to the circumcircle of ABC\triangle A B C at point AA intersect line BCB C at TT. Since ABACA B \leq A C we get that BB lies between TT and CC. Since B A T= A C B\text{B A T= A C B} and A B T= 180 - A B C\text{A B T= 180 - A B C} we get E T A= B T A= A B C- A C B= A D E\text{E T A= B T A= A B C- A C B= A D E} which gives that A,E,D,TA, E, D, T are concyclic. Since
T D B+ B C A= T D B+ B D A= T D A= A E T= A C B+ E A C\text{T D B+ B C A= T D B+ B D A= T D A= A E T= A C B+ E A C}
this means T D B= E A C= D A B\text{T D B= E A C= D A B} which means that TDT D is tangent to the circumcircle of ABC\triangle A B C at point DD.

Figure 1

Using similar triangles TABT A B and TCAT C A we get
ABAC=TATC \frac{A B}{A C}=\frac{T A}{T C}
Using similar triangles TBDT B D and TDCT D C we get
BDCD=TDTC \frac{B D}{C D}=\frac{T D}{T C}
Using the fact that TA=TDT A=T D with (1) and (2) we get
ABAC=BDCD \frac{A B}{A C}=\frac{B D}{C D}
Now since D A B= C A E\text{D A B= C A E} and B D A= E C A\text{B D A= E C A} we get that the triangles DABD A B and CAEC A E are similar. Analogously, we get that triangles CADC A D and EABE A B are similar. These similarities give us
DBCE=ABAE and CDEB=CAEA \frac{D B}{C E}=\frac{A B}{A E} \quad \text{ and } \quad \frac{C D}{E B}=\frac{C A}{E A}
which, when combined with (3) give us BE=CEB E=C E giving EE is the midpoint of side BCB C.

Using the fact that triangles DABD A B and CAEC A E are similar with the fact that EE is the midpoint of BCB C we get:
2DSCA=DACA=DBCE=DBCB2=2DBCB \frac{2 D S}{C A}=\frac{D A}{C A}=\frac{D B}{C E}=\frac{D B}{\frac{C B}{2}}=\frac{2 D B}{C B}
implying that
DSDB=CACB \frac{D S}{D B}=\frac{C A}{C B}
Since S D B= A D B= A C B\text{S D B= A D B= A C B} we get from (4) that the triangles SDBS D B and ACBA C B are similar, giving us B S D= B A C\text{B S D= B A C}. Analogously we get SDC\triangle S D C and ABC\triangle A B C are similar we get C S D= C A B\text{C S D= C A B}. Combining the last two equalities we get
2 B A C= B A C+ C A B= C S D+ B S D= C S B\text{2 B A C= B A C+ C A B= C S D+ B S D= C S B}
This completes the proof.

Alternative solution (PSC).

Lemma 1. A point PP is such that P X Y= P Y Z\text{P X Y= P Y Z} and P Z Y= P Y X\text{P Z Y= P Y X}. If RR is the midpoint of XZX Z then X Y P= Z Y R\text{X Y P= Z Y R}.

Proof. We consider the case when PP is inside the triangle XYZX Y Z (the other case is treated in similar way). Let QQ be the conjugate of PP in XYZ\triangle X Y Z and let YQY Q intersects XZX Z at SS.

Figure 2

Then Q X Z= Q Y X\text{Q X Z= Q Y X} and Q Z X= Q Y Z\text{Q Z X= Q Y Z} and therefore SXYSQX\triangle S X Y \sim \triangle S Q X and SZYSQZ\triangle S Z Y \sim \triangle S Q Z. Thus SX2=SQSY=SZ2S X^{2}=S Q \cdot S Y=S Z^{2} and we conclude that SRS \equiv R. This completes the proof of the Lemma.

For DCA\triangle D C A we have C D E= E C A\text{C D E= E C A} and E A C= E C D\text{E A C= E C D}. By the Lemma 1 for DCA\triangle D C A and point EE we have that S C A= D C E\text{S C A= D C E}. Therefore
D S C= S A C+ S C A= S A C+ D C E= S A C+ B A D= B A C .\text{D S C= S A C+ S C A= S A C+ D C E= S A C+ B A D= B A C .}
By analogy, Lemma 1 applied for BDA\triangle B D A and point EE gives B S D= B A C\text{B S D= B A C}. Thus, B S C=2 B A C\text{B S C=2 B A C}.

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