GeometryDifficulty 4.9AIMEFind the answerUnited States
Problem:
ABC is an acute triangle with incircle ω. ω is tangent to sides BC, CA, and AB at D, E, and F respectively. P is a point on the altitude from A such that Γ, the circle with diameter AP, is tangent to ω. Γ intersects AC and AB at X and Y respectively. Given XY=8, AE=15, and that the radius of Γ is 5, compute BD⋅DC.
A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.
Solution
Solution:
By the Law of Sines we have sin∠A=APXY=54. Let I, T, and Q denote the center of ω, the point of tangency between ω and Γ, and the center of Γ respectively. Since we are told ABC is acute, we can compute tan2∠A=21. Since ∠EAI=2∠A and AE is tangent to ω, we find r=2AE=215.
Let H be the foot of the altitude from A to BC. Define hT to be the homothety about T which sends Γ to ω. We have hT(AQ)=DI, and conclude that A, T, and D are collinear. Now since AP is a diameter of Γ, ∠PAT is right, implying that DTHP is cyclic. Invoking Power of a Point twice, we have 225=AE2=AT⋅AD=AP⋅AH. Because we are given radius of Γ we can find AP=10 and AH=245=ha.
If we write a, b, c, s in the usual manner with respect to triangle ABC, we seek BD⋅DC=(s−b)(s−c). But recall that Heron's formula gives us s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)=K where K is the area of triangle ABC. Writing K=rs, we have (s−b)(s−c)=s−ar2s. Knowing r=215, we need only compute the ratio as. By writing K=21aha=rs, we find as=2rha=23.
Now we compute our answer, s−ar2s=(215)2⋅as−1as=4675.
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