Maths Olympiad Prep

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Combinatorics Difficulty 4.3 AIME Find the answer United States

Problem:
A cat is going up a stairwell with ten stairs. However, instead of walking up the stairs one at a time, the cat jumps, going either two or three stairs up at each step (though if necessary, it will just walk the last step). How many different ways can the cat go from the bottom to the top?

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Solution:
The number of ways for the cat to get to the iith step is the number of ways for the cat to get to step i2i-2 plus the number of ways to get to step i3i-3, because for each way to get to step ii, we can undo the last move the cat made to go back to one of these two steps. The cat can get to step 11 in 00 ways, to step 22 in 11 way, and to step 33 in 11 way. Now we repeatedly use our formula for calculating the number of ways to get to the iith step to see that the cat gets to:

Step12345678910
Number of ways0111223457

So our answer is 5+7=125+7=12.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.