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Algebra Difficulty 5.0 AIME, harder Prove it Turkey

Show that
(b+c)(a4b2c2)ab+2bc+ca+(c+a)(b4c2a2)bc+2ca+ab+(a+b)(c4a2b2)ca+2ab+bc0 \frac{(b+c)(a^4 - b^2c^2)}{ab + 2bc + ca} + \frac{(c+a)(b^4 - c^2a^2)}{bc + 2ca + ab} + \frac{(a+b)(c^4 - a^2b^2)}{ca + 2ab + bc} \geq 0
for all positive real numbers a,b,ca, b, c.

Solution

cyc(b+c)(a4b2c2)ab+2bc+ca12cyc(a3+abcb2cbc2)12(a(ab)(ac)+b(bc)(ba)+c(ca)(cb))0 \begin{align*} \sum_{\text{cyc}} \frac{(b+c)(a^4 - b^2c^2)}{ab+2bc+ca} &\ge \frac{1}{2} \sum_{\text{cyc}} (a^3 + abc - b^2c - bc^2) \\ &\ge \frac{1}{2} (a(a-b)(a-c) + b(b-c)(b-a) + c(c-a)(c-b)) \ge 0 \end{align*}

by Schur's Inequality if (b+c)(a4b2c2)ab+2bc+caa3+abcb2cbc22\frac{(b+c)(a^4 - b^2c^2)}{ab + 2bc + ca} \ge \frac{a^3 + abc - b^2c - bc^2}{2} for all positive real numbers a,b,ca, b, c.
This last inequality is equivalent to (b+c)a42bca3bc(b+c)a2+abc(b2+c2)0(b+c)a^4 - 2bca^3 - bc(b+c)a^2 + abc(b^2+c^2) \ge 0, and since
(b+c)a32bca2bc(b+c)a+bc(b2+c2)4bcb+ca32bca2bc(b+c)a+bc(b+c)22=bc2(b+c)(2a+b+c)(2abc)20, (b+c)a^3 - 2bca^2 - bc(b+c)a + bc(b^2+c^2) \\ \ge \frac{4bc}{b+c}a^3 - 2bca^2 - bc(b+c)a + bc\frac{(b+c)^2}{2} \\ = \frac{bc}{2(b+c)}(2a+b+c)(2a-b-c)^2 \ge 0,
we are done.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.