Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /274 of 377

Geometry Difficulty 5.4 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:
Three noncollinear points and a line \ell are given in the plane. Suppose no two of the points lie on a line parallel to \ell (or \ell itself). There are exactly nn lines perpendicular to \ell with the following property: the three circles with centers at the given points and tangent to the line all concur at some point. Find all possible values of nn.

Solution

Solution:
The condition for the line is that each of the three points lies at an equal distance from the line as from some fixed point; in other words, the line is the directrix of a parabola containing the three points. Three noncollinear points in the coordinate plane determine a quadratic polynomial in xx unless two of the points have the same xx-coordinate. Therefore, given the direction of the directrix, three noncollinear points determine a parabola, unless two of the points lie on a line perpendicular to the directrix. This case is ruled out by the given condition, so the answer is 1.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.