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Algebra Difficulty 5.4 AIME, harder Prove it Ukraine

Find all functions f:[0,+)[0,+)f: [0, +\infty) \to [0, +\infty), which for all not-negative x,yx, y satisfy equality:
f(f(x)+f(y))=xyf(x+y). f(f(x) + f(y)) = xyf(x + y).

Solution

For y=0y=0 from the condition we have, that f(f(x)+f(0))=0f(f(x)+f(0))=0 for any xx, and there is such aa that f(a)=0f(a)=0. Thus, for x=ax=a, f(f(0))=0f(f(0))=0. Then, for x=y=0x=y=0 it follows, that f(2f(0))=0f(2f(0))=0, and for x=y=f(0)x=y=f(0) we have, that
f(f(f(0))+f(f(0)))=f2(0)f(2f(0))=0, f(f(f(0)) + f(f(0))) = f^2(0)f(2f(0)) = 0,
i.e. f(0)=0f(0)=0 and f(f(x))=0f(f(x))=0 for any xx.

Let y=f(y)y=f(y) in the condition, then
xf(y)f(x+f(y))=f(f(x)+f(f(y)))=f(f(x))=0, xf(y)f(x+f(y)) = f(f(x)+f(f(y))) = f(f(x)) = 0,
so xf(y)f(x+f(y))=0xf(y)f(x+f(y))=0 for arbitrary xx and yy.

Let f(y0)0f(y_0) \neq 0 for some y0>0y_0 > 0. Let y=y0xy = y_0 - x, then
f(f(x)+f(y0x))=x(y0x)f(y0). f(f(x) + f(y_0 - x)) = x(y_0 - x)f(y_0).
Expression in right part takes arbitrary value in segment [0;14y02f(y0)][0; \frac{1}{4}y_0^2 f(y_0)], so range of function ff includes this segment. Thus, there is some x0x_0 such, that f(x0)=min{12y0,18y02f(y0)}f(x_0) = \min\{\frac{1}{2}y_0, \frac{1}{8}y_0^2 f(y_0)\}. From equality xf(y)f(x+f(y))=0xf(y)f(x+f(y))=0 for y=x0y=x_0 and x=y0f(x0)>0x=y_0-f(x_0)>0 we have, that f(x0)f(y0)=0f(x_0)f(y_0)=0, that is impossible. This contradiction proves, that f(x)=0f(x)=0 for arbitrary x[0,+)x \in [0, +\infty).

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