Let be an integer. In an table, each cell is filled with an integer. Suppose the following two conditions hold:
(i) The integers on the squares all leave remainder when divided by .
(ii) The sum of each row, as well as the sum of each column, leaves remainder when divided by .
Let be the product of all the numbers in the -th row, and be the product of all the numbers in the -th column.
Prove that divides .
Solution
Let be the entry on row and column . Let be the product of all entries. Denote and .
By condition (i), the number divides . So every product of two or more is divisible by , hence
for every .
By condition (ii), we have , and so . Therefore, every product of at least two of the is divisible by . Thus
whence
Due to symmetry of the problem conditions, we also have
thus is divisible by .
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