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Algebra Difficulty 4.5 AIME Find the answer Italy

How many pairs of real numbers (x,y)(x, y) satisfy both equations x+y2=y3x + y^{2} = y^{3} and y+x2=x3y + x^{2} = x^{3}?

Pick one

Solution

The answer is (B). Subtracting the equations from each other we obtain
(yx)(1+x+y)=(yx)(y2+xy+x2), (y - x)(-1 + x + y) = (y - x)\left(y^{2} + x y + x^{2}\right),
from which we see that at least one of the two equalities x=yx = y and x2+y2+xyxy+1=0x^{2} + y^{2} + x y - x - y + 1 = 0 must hold. If x=yx = y, substituting into the equations given in the statement we obtain x+x2=x3x + x^{2} = x^{3}, from which we easily find the three solutions (x,y)=(0,0),(1+52,1+52),(152,152)(x, y) = (0, 0), \left(\frac{1 + \sqrt{5}}{2}, \frac{1 + \sqrt{5}}{2}\right), \left(\frac{1 - \sqrt{5}}{2}, \frac{1 - \sqrt{5}}{2}\right). If instead xyx \neq y then necessarily x2+y2+xyxy+1=0x^{2} + y^{2} + x y - x - y + 1 = 0 must hold. This last equation can be rewritten as 12((x+y)2+(x1)2+(y1)2)=0\frac{1}{2}\left((x + y)^{2} + (x - 1)^{2} + (y - 1)^{2}\right) = 0, which clearly has no solutions (since at least one of the three numbers x+y,x1,y1x + y, x - 1, y - 1 is different from zero). There are therefore exactly three solutions, all with x=yx = y.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from it; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.