Olympiad Maths Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.2 National olympiad Prove it Czech Republic

Let ABCABC be a triangle. The AA-angle bisector intersects BCBC at DD. Let EE, FF be the circumcenters of triangles ABDABD, ACDACD, respectively. Given that the circumcenter of triangle AEFAEF lies on BCBC, find all possible values of BAC\angle BAC. (Patrik Bak)

Solution

Let OO be the circumcenter of triangle AEFAEF and denote α=BAC\alpha = \angle BAC. Since BAD\angle BAD and CAD\angle CAD are acute (Fig. 2), points EE, FF lie in the half-plane BCABCA and the Inscribed angle theorem yields
BED=2BAD=α=2DAC=DFC. \angle BED = 2 \cdot \angle BAD = \alpha = 2 \cdot \angle DAC = \angle DFC.

Figure 1

Fig. 2

The isosceles triangles BEDBED and DFCDFC are thus similar and we easily compute that EDF=α\angle EDF = \alpha and that BCBC is the external DD-angle bisector in triangle DEFDEF.

Point OO lies on BCBC and on the perpendicular bisector of EFEF. Framed with respect to triangle DEFDEF, it lies on the external DD-angle bisector and on the perpendicular bisector of the opposite side EFEF. Thus it is the midpoint of arc EDFEDF and EOF=EDF=α\angle EOF = \angle EDF = \alpha.
Quadrilateral AEDFAEDF is a kite, hence EAF=α\angle EAF = \alpha. Moreover, line EFEF separates points AA and OO, thus the Inscribed angle theorem implies that the size of the reflex angle EOFEOF is twice the size of the convex angle EAFEAF. This yields 360α=2α360^\circ - \alpha = 2 \cdot \alpha and α=120\alpha = 120^\circ.

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