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China National Team Selection Test

Geometry Difficulty 8.2 Shortlist Prove it China

Let HH be the orthocenter of an acute-angled △ABC\triangle ABC with ∠A>60∘\angle A > 60^\circ. Let points MM and NN be on sides ABAB and ACAC, respectively, such that ∠HMB=60∘=∠HNC\angle HMB = 60^\circ = \angle HNC. Let OO be the circumcenter of △HMN\triangle HMN. Let points DD and AA be on the same side of line BCBC, such that △DBC\triangle DBC is regular (see Fig. 1.1). Prove that points HH, OO and DD are collinear. (posed by Zhang Sihui)

Figure 1

Solution

Let TT be the orthocenter of △HMN\triangle HMN. Extended lines of HMHM and CACA intersect at point PP. Extended lines HNHN and BABA intersect at point QQ. It is easy to see that points NN, MM, PP and QQ are concyclic.

Figure 2

By ∠THM=∠OHN\angle THM = \angle OHN, we see that ∠PQH−∠OHN=∠NMH−∠THM=90∘\angle PQH - \angle OHN = \angle NMH - \angle THM = 90^\circ, that is,
HO⊥PQ.① HO \perp PQ. \qquad ①
Let point RR be symmetric to point CC over HPHP. Then HC=HRHC = HR.
By ∠HPC+∠HCP=(∠BAC−60∘)+(90∘−∠BAC)=30∘\angle HPC + \angle HCP = (\angle BAC - 60^\circ) + (90^\circ - \angle BAC) = 30^\circ, we see that ∠CHR=60∘\angle CHR = 60^\circ. Hence △HCR\triangle HCR is regular.
By ∠HPC=∠HQB\angle HPC = \angle HQB and ∠HCP=∠HBQ\angle HCP = \angle HBQ, we see that △PHC∼△QHB\triangle PHC \sim \triangle QHB. Then △PHR∼△QHB\triangle PHR \sim \triangle QHB, so △QHP∼△BHR\triangle QHP \sim \triangle BHR.
Denote by ∠(UV,XY)\angle (UV, XY) the angle between UV⃗\vec{UV} and XY⃗\vec{XY} (positive anticlockwise).
Since ∠PHR=150∘\angle PHR = 150^\circ, we have ∠(PQ,RB)=∠(HP,HR)=150∘\angle (PQ, RB) = \angle (HP, HR) = 150^\circ, △BCD\triangle BCD and △RCH\triangle RCH are regular. So △BRC≅△DHC\triangle BRC \cong \triangle DHC. Hence ∠(RB,HD)=∠(CR,CH)=−60∘\angle (RB, HD) = \angle (CR, CH) = -60^\circ.

Consequently,
∠(PQ,HD)=∠(PQ,RB)+∠(RB,HD)=150∘−60∘=90∘, \angle(PQ, HD) = \angle(PQ, RB) + \angle(RB, HD) = 150^\circ - 60^\circ = 90^\circ,
that is
DH⊥PQ.2◯ DH \perp PQ. \qquad \textcircled{2}
By ① and ②, points HH, OO and DD are collinear. □

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