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Geometry Difficulty 8.2 Shortlist Prove it China

Let HH be the orthocenter of an acute-angled ABC\triangle ABC with A>60\angle A > 60^\circ. Let points MM and NN be on sides ABAB and ACAC, respectively, such that HMB=60=HNC\angle HMB = 60^\circ = \angle HNC. Let OO be the circumcenter of HMN\triangle HMN. Let points DD and AA be on the same side of line BCBC, such that DBC\triangle DBC is regular (see Fig. 1.1). Prove that points HH, OO and DD are collinear. (posed by Zhang Sihui)

Figure 1

Solution

Let TT be the orthocenter of HMN\triangle HMN. Extended lines of HMHM and CACA intersect at point PP. Extended lines HNHN and BABA intersect at point QQ. It is easy to see that points NN, MM, PP and QQ are concyclic.

Figure 2

By THM=OHN\angle THM = \angle OHN, we see that PQHOHN=NMHTHM=90\angle PQH - \angle OHN = \angle NMH - \angle THM = 90^\circ, that is,
HOPQ. HO \perp PQ. \qquad ①
Let point RR be symmetric to point CC over HPHP. Then HC=HRHC = HR.
By HPC+HCP=(BAC60)+(90BAC)=30\angle HPC + \angle HCP = (\angle BAC - 60^\circ) + (90^\circ - \angle BAC) = 30^\circ, we see that CHR=60\angle CHR = 60^\circ. Hence HCR\triangle HCR is regular.
By HPC=HQB\angle HPC = \angle HQB and HCP=HBQ\angle HCP = \angle HBQ, we see that PHCQHB\triangle PHC \sim \triangle QHB. Then PHRQHB\triangle PHR \sim \triangle QHB, so QHPBHR\triangle QHP \sim \triangle BHR.
Denote by (UV,XY)\angle (UV, XY) the angle between UV\vec{UV} and XY\vec{XY} (positive anticlockwise).
Since PHR=150\angle PHR = 150^\circ, we have (PQ,RB)=(HP,HR)=150\angle (PQ, RB) = \angle (HP, HR) = 150^\circ, BCD\triangle BCD and RCH\triangle RCH are regular. So BRCDHC\triangle BRC \cong \triangle DHC. Hence (RB,HD)=(CR,CH)=60\angle (RB, HD) = \angle (CR, CH) = -60^\circ.

Consequently,
(PQ,HD)=(PQ,RB)+(RB,HD)=15060=90, \angle(PQ, HD) = \angle(PQ, RB) + \angle(RB, HD) = 150^\circ - 60^\circ = 90^\circ,
that is
DHPQ.2 DH \perp PQ. \qquad \textcircled{2}
By ① and ②, points HH, OO and DD are collinear. □

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