Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /2 of 2

Geometry Difficulty 8.7 Shortlist Prove it Taiwan

Let II be the incenter of triangle ABCABC, and let ω\omega be its incircle. Let EE and FF be the points of tangency of ω\omega with CACA and ABAB, respectively. Let XX and YY be the intersections of the circumcircle of BICBIC and ω\omega. Take a point TT on BCBC such that AIT\angle AIT is a right angle. Let GG be the intersection of EFEF and BCBC, and let ZZ be the intersection of XYXY and ATAT. Prove that AZAZ, ZGZG, and AIAI form an isosceles triangle.

Solution

Solution. Method one: Let MM be the intersection of ATAT with the circumcircle (ABC)\odot(ABC). Then TMTA=TBTC=TI2TM \cdot TA = TB \cdot TC = TI^2, so AMI=AIT=90\angle AMI = \angle AIT = 90^\circ, that is, M(AEF)(ABC)M \in \odot(AEF) \cap \odot(ABC). By Miquel's theorem (or since MFG=MAC=MBG\angle MFG = \angle MAC = \angle MBG), MM lies on (BFG)\odot(BFG), hence, if we let WW be the intersection of XYXY and BCBC, then
WGM=AFM=AIM=ITM=WZM, \angle WGM = \angle AFM = \angle AIM = \angle ITM = \angle WZM,
that is, W,M,G,ZW, M, G, Z are concyclic.
Let DD be the point of tangency of ω\omega with BCBC, and let ME,MFM_E, M_F be the midpoints of FD,DE\overline{FD}, \overline{DE} respectively. Then MEDMEF=MEBMEIM_E D \cdot M_E F = M_E B \cdot M_E I, that is, MEM_E lies on the radical axis XYXY of ω\omega and (BIC)\odot(BIC). Similarly, MFM_F also lies on XYXY. Therefore W=MEMFBCW = M_E M_F \cap BC is the midpoint of DG\overline{DG}. It is well known that MDMD bisects BMC\angle BMC:
Since FMB=EMC,MEB=MFC,MBFMCE\angle FMB = \angle EMC, \angle MEB = \angle MFC, \triangle MBF \sim \triangle MCE, hence MB=BF=BD\overline{MB} = \overline{BF} = \overline{BD}, so MDMD bisects BMC\angle BMC.
And since G,DG, D harmonically divide B,CB, C, DMG\angle DMG is a right angle. So WW is the circumcenter of MGD\triangle MGD.
Finally, we prove that IAZ=(GZ,AI)\angle IAZ = \angle (GZ, AI), which is equivalent to
WGM=WZM=IAZ+90=(GZ,AI)+90=GZW=GMW, \angle WGM = \angle WZM = \angle IAZ + 90^\circ = \angle (GZ, AI) + 90^\circ = \angle GZW = \angle GMW,
that is, WMG\triangle WMG is isosceles with apex WW, and this follows because WW is the circumcenter of MGD\triangle MGD.

Method two: Let MM be the second intersection of (AEF)\odot(AEF) and (ABC)\odot(ABC). Likewise, we have that A,M,TA, M, T are collinear. Let LL be the intersection of AZAZ and EFEF. Then we only need to prove that ZLG\triangle ZLG is isosceles with apex LL. Let HH be the foot of the perpendicular from II to EFEF. It is well known that I,H,MI, H, M are collinear:
Since DMG=90=DHG\angle DMG = 90^\circ = \angle DHG, D,H,M,GD, H, M, G are concyclic. Combining this with B,F,M,GB, F, M, G concyclic, C,E,M,GC, E, M, G concyclic, and the properties of spiral similarity, we get MFEHMBCD\triangle MFE \cup H \sim \triangle MBC \cup D. Hence FMH=BMD=BAI=FMI\angle FMH = \angle BMD = \angle BAI = \angle FMI.
So we obtain GTDI,TLIH,LGHDGT \perp DI, TL \perp IH, LG \perp HD, and this tells us LGTHID\triangle LGT \sim \triangle HID.
Let SS be the intersection of HIHI and XYXY. Then from HIIS=LTTZ\frac{HI}{IS} = \frac{LT}{TZ}, we get LGTZHIDS\triangle LGT \cup Z \sim \triangle HID \cup S.
Since XYXY is the perpendicular bisector of DH\overline{DH}, ZLGSHD\triangle ZLG \sim \triangle SHD is isosceles with apex ZZ, which completes the proof.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from en; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.