Maths Olympiad Prep

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Algebra Difficulty 5.0 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

The curves y=x2(x3)2y = x^{2}(x-3)^{2} and y=(x21)(x2)y = (x^{2}-1)(x-2) intersect at a number of points in the real plane. Determine the sum of the xx-coordinates of these points of intersection.

Solution

Solution:

Answer: 7. Because the first curve touches the xx-axis at x=0x=0 and x=3x=3 while the second curve crosses the xx-axis at x=±1x= \pm 1 and x=2x=2, there are four points of intersection. In particular, the points of intersection have xx-coordinates determined by the difference of the two curves:
0=x2(x3)2(x21)(x2)=(x46x3+)(x3+)=x47x3+ 0 = x^{2}(x-3)^{2} - (x^{2}-1)(x-2) = (x^{4} - 6x^{3} + \cdots) - (x^{3} + \cdots) = x^{4} - 7x^{3} + \cdots
We need only the first two coefficients to determine x1+x2+x3+x4=(71)=7x_{1} + x_{2} + x_{3} + x_{4} = -\left(\frac{-7}{1}\right) = 7.

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