Olympiad Maths Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it Czech Republic

Let ABCABC be an acute triangle with orthocenter HH. The bisector of angle BHCBHC intersects side BCBC at DD. Denote by EE, FF the reflections of DD about ABAB, ACAC, respectively. Prove that the circumcircle of triangle AEFAEF passes through the midpoint of arc BACBAC.

(Patrik Bak)

Solution

Clearly, the directed angle EAFEAF is EAF^=2α\widehat{EAF} = 2\alpha. Let H2H_2, H3H_3 be the reflections of the orthocenter HH about the sides ACAC, ABAB, respectively. It is well-known that H2H_2 and H3H_3 lie on the circumcircle kk of triangle ABCABC.

Figure 1
Fig. 1

As DHDH is the bisector of angle BHCBHC and CHDECH \parallel DE, we have H3ED=HDE=DHC=12BHC=9012α|\angle H_3ED| = |\angle HDE| = |\angle DHC| = \frac{1}{2}|\angle BHC| = 90^\circ - \frac{1}{2}\alpha. Let GG be the midpoint of arc BACBAC. Since the arc CGCG of kk is one half of the arc CABCAB, the directed angle CH3G^\widehat{CH_3G} subtending arc CGCG has the same measure 9012α90^\circ - \frac{1}{2}\alpha, that is CH3G^=DEH3^\widehat{CH_3G} = \widehat{DEH_3}.

From CH3DECH_3 \parallel DE we infer that points GG, H3H_3, and EE are collinear. Similarly we find that GG, H2H_2, and FF are also collinear, therefore EGF=H3GH2=H3AH2=H3AH+HAH2=2α=EAF\overrightarrow{EGF} = \overrightarrow{H_3GH_2} = \overrightarrow{H_3AH_2} = \overrightarrow{H_3AH} + \overrightarrow{HAH_2} = 2\alpha = \overrightarrow{EAF}, as we needed to show.

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