Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral. Let P be the intersection of the external bisectors of DAC and DBC. Prove that APD=BPC if and only if AD+AC=BC+BD.
[Note: Recall that the external bisector of an angle is the line passing through the vertex of the angle and perpendicular to the internal bisector (i.e. the usual bisector) of the angle itself.]
Solution
Solution:
Let us call r and s respectively the external bisectors of DAC and DBC. Let us construct the points C′ and D′ respectively as the reflection of C with respect to s and as the reflection of D with respect to r. Since r is the external bisector, we have that C′,B and D are collinear and moreover by construction C′B=CB; hence C′D=C′B+BD=BC+BD. In the same way D′C=AD+AC. Let us now call β=BPC which is equal by construction to BPC′, and in the same way α=APD=APD′. Finally let us call γ=CPD.
Let us now consider the triangles C′PD and CPD′. We have by construction PD′=PD and PC′=PC; therefore the two triangles are equal if and only if the two angles at P are equal or, equivalently, if and only if the third side is equal. But the first condition says that C′PD=2β+γ=2α+γ=CPD′, which is equivalent to α=β, while the second condition says that CD′=C′D which, by what was shown above, is equivalent to AD+AC=BC+BD.
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