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Geometry Difficulty 6.7 National olympiad Prove it Mongolia

Let II be the incenter of scalene triangle ABCABC inscribed in circle ω\omega. The line BIBI intersects ω\omega again at point MM. Let IBI_B be the reflection of point II across line ACAC. Let HH be a point on the minor arc AMAM of ω\omega such that BHIB=90\angle BHI_B = 90^\circ. Let TT be the intersection point of lines IIBII_B and ACAC. Let the line HTHT intersect ω\omega again at point NN. Let RR be the intersection point of lines MNMN and ACAC. Prove that triangle IRM\triangle IRM is isosceles.
(Batzorig Undrakh)

Solution

Let ω\omega be a circle with center OO, and let MIBω=DMI_B \cap \omega = D. Also, draw diameters BPBP and DEDE in the circle ω\omega.

Lemma. Triangle IBD is isosceles.

Proof. Let FF be the intersection of lines DMDM and ACAC, and let GG be the reflection of MM across ACAC. By the Incenter-Excenter Lemma, the center of circle (AICAIC) is MM. Let Φ\Phi denote the inversion centered at MM with respect to the circle (AICAIC).

Under Φ\Phi, point II is fixed, and DD and FF are inverse images of each other. Also, it can be verified that MI2=MOMGMI^2 = MO \cdot MG, so OO and GG are also inverses.

Since M,IBM, I_B, and FF are collinear, so are G,IG, I, and FF. Denote this line by \ell. Since \ell does not pass through the inversion center MM, its image is a circle — namely, the circle (DIODIO). Therefore, quadrilateral DIOMDIOM is cyclic, which implies:
OIM=ODM=EDM=EBM=EBI. \angle OIM = \angle ODM = \angle EDM = \angle EBM = \angle EBI.
Hence, OIBEOI \parallel BE, so OIBDOI \perp BD. Thus, IB=IDIB = ID, and triangle IBDIBD is equilateral. \square

Let the line PIPI intersect the circle ω\omega at point QQ. Then we aim to show that the points M,T,QM, T, Q are collinear. Since under the inversion Φ\Phi, the circle ω\omega and the line ACAC are mapped to each other, the image of point AA under this inversion is the point S=BMACS = BM \cap AC. Because point II is fixed under Φ\Phi, the circles with diameters BIBI and ISIS are mapped to each other under the inversion. Since ITTSIT \perp TS, point TT lies on the circle with diameter ISIS. Likewise, since BQQPBQ \perp QP, point QQ lies on the circle with diameter BIBI. Thus, under the inversion Φ\Phi, the image of point QQ is point TT. Therefore, the points M,T,QM, T, Q lie on a straight line.

In the hexagon MDNHPQMDNHPQ, by the converse of Pascal's Theorem, the points D,ID, I, and NN are collinear. Considering Lemma 1 and the symmetry of point II, we have IM=INIM = IN, so triangle IMN\triangle IMN is an isosceles triangle.

Now, let us move on to the main solution. Under the inversion Φ\Phi, the points RR and NN are images of each other, so MI2=MRMNMI^2 = MR \cdot MN. Hence, IMRNIM\triangle IMR \sim \triangle NIM. On the other hand, since we already proved that IM=INIM = IN, it follows that IR=RMIR = RM, which means that triangle IRM\triangle IRM is isosceles.

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