How many positive integers less than are divisible by either or , but are not divisible by ?
Solution
Let .
Let be the set of positive integers less than divisible by or .
Let be the set of positive integers less than divisible by .
We are to find .
First, count the number of positive integers less than divisible by or .
Let be the set divisible by .
Let be the set divisible by .
Let be the set divisible by .
Number divisible by :
Number divisible by :
Number divisible by :
By inclusion-exclusion:
Number divisible by or is .
Now, subtract those divisible by .
Let : divisible by and ()
Let : divisible by and ()
Let : divisible by and ()
By inclusion-exclusion, the number of integers less than divisible by or and also by is:
Therefore, the answer is .
Answer:
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