Maths Olympiad Prep

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Algebra Difficulty 4.4 AIME Find the answer United States

Let NN be the positive integer 77777777777\ldots777, a 313313-digit number where each digit is a 77. Let f(r)f(r) be the leading digit of the rrth root of NN. What is f(2)+f(3)+f(4)+f(5)+f(6)f(2) + f(3) + f(4) + f(5) + f(6)?

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Solution

Because 10r10^r is written as a 11 followed by rr zeros, the rrth root of any number smaller than 10r10^r when written as a decimal has only one digit to the left of the decimal point. Extending this reasoning, the leading digit of the rrth root of NN is the same as the leading digit of the rrth root of the integer nn that has as digits a number of 77s equal to the remainder when 313313 is divided by rr. For example, the fifth root of NN has the same leading digit as the fifth root of 777777, because the remainder of 313313 when divided by 55 is 33. Because 35=2433^5 = 243 and 45=10244^5 = 1024, the leading digit is 33.

Using this methodology, it follows that f(2)=2f(2) = 2, f(3)=1f(3) = 1, f(4)=1f(4) = 1, f(5)=3f(5) = 3, and f(6)=1f(6) = 1. The requested sum is 2+1+1+3+1=82 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 1 = 8.

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