Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /520 of 740

, 2018

Combinatorics Difficulty 5.2 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:
Let AA be the number of unordered pairs of ordered pairs of integers between 11 and 66 inclusive, and let BB be the number of ordered pairs of unordered pairs of integers between 11 and 66 inclusive. (Repetitions are allowed in both ordered and unordered pairs.) Find ABA - B.

Solution

Solution:
There are 666 \cdot 6 ordered pairs of integers between 11 and 66 inclusive and 2121 unordered pairs of integers ((62)=15\binom{6}{2} = 15 different pairs and 66 doubles). Then, A=(362)+36=666A = \binom{36}{2} + 36 = 666 and B=2121=441B = 21 \cdot 21 = 441. Therefore AB=225A - B = 225.

For general nn, there are n2n^{2} ordered pairs of integers and n(n+1)2\frac{n(n+1)}{2} unordered pairs of integers. Then A=n2(n2+1)2A = \frac{n^{2}(n^{2}+1)}{2} and B=n2(n+1)24B = \frac{n^{2}(n+1)^{2}}{4} so
AB=n2(2(n2+1)(n+1)2)4=(n(n1)2)2 A - B = \frac{n^{2}\left(2\left(n^{2}+1\right)-(n+1)^{2}\right)}{4} = \left(\frac{n(n-1)}{2}\right)^{2}

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.