Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /48 of 101

Geometry Difficulty 6.1 National olympiad Prove it Estonia

Inside a regular hexagon ABCDEFABCDEF, equal rectangles ABZYABZY, CDXZCDXZ, and EFYXEFYX are drawn. How much of the area of the hexagon ABCDEFABCDEF do these rectangles cover?
Figure 1

Solution

Each interior angle of a regular hexagon has a size of 120120^\circ. Thus, a regular hexagon can be divided into 66 equilateral triangles with side lengths equal to the hexagon itself (Fig. 23). Denoting the area of such a triangle as SS, the area of the hexagon ABCDEFABCDEF is therefore 6S6S.

The opposite sides of a rectangle are of equal length. Hence XY=EFXY = EF, YZ=ABYZ = AB and XZ=CDXZ = CD, so XYZXYZ is also an equilateral triangle with the same side length. Since the rectangles ABZYABZY, CDXZCDXZ and EFYXEFYX are equal, the triangles AYFAYF, BZCBZC and DXEDXE are isosceles. Their bases are the sides of the hexagon, the base angle is 12090=30120^\circ - 90^\circ = 30^\circ and the vertex angle is 180230=120180^\circ - 2 \cdot 30^\circ = 120^\circ. Thus, it is possible to form one equilateral triangle from these three triangles, whose side length is equal to the side length of the hexagon (Fig. 24).

In total, the area not covered by the rectangles is 2S2S. Therefore, the total area of the rectangles is 6S2S=4S6S - 2S = 4S, which is 23\frac{2}{3} of the area of the hexagon.

Figure 2
Fig. 23
Figure 3
Fig. 24

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.