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Taiwan IMO Selection Camp, 2023

Geometry Difficulty 6.3 National Olympiad Prove it Taiwan

Let Ω\Omega be the circumcircle of an isocles trapezoid ABCDABCD, in which ADAD is parallel to BCBC. Let XX be the reflection point of DD with respect to BCBC. Point QQ is on the arc BCBC of Ω\Omega that does not contain AA. Let PP be the intersection of DQDQ and BCBC. A point EE satisfies that EQEQ is parallel to PXPX, and EQEQ bisects ∠BEC\angle BEC. Prove that EQEQ also bisects ∠AEP\angle AEP.

Figure 1

Solution

Let RR be the intersection of AEAE and BCBC. To prove the original statement, it suffices to prove that ⊙(EBC)\odot(EBC) and ⊙(ERP)\odot(ERP) are tangent at EE (because this tells us that EPEP, EAEA are antiparallel with respect to EBEB, ECEC, and the latter is preserved with respect to EQEQ, EQEQ antiparallel).

Let AEAE intersect Ω\Omega, ⊙(EBC)\odot(EBC) at SS, TT respectively, then by Reim's theorem, PP, QQ, RR, SS are concyclic. Since EQEQ bisects ∠BEC\angle BEC, the intersection point MM of EQEQ and ⊙(EBC)\odot(EBC) is the midpoint of arc BCBC on ⊙(EBC)\odot(EBC). From
∠ETM=∠(EM,BC)=∠(PX,BC)=∠(CB,DP)=∠ADP=∠ASQ, \angle ETM = \angle (EM, BC) = \angle (PX, BC) = \angle (CB, DP) = \angle ADP = \angle ASQ,
we obtain TM∥SQTM \parallel SQ, hence ⊙(ETM)\odot(ETM) and ⊙(ESQ)\odot(ESQ) are tangent at EE.

Note that the radical center of the three circles Ω\Omega, ⊙(EBC)\odot(EBC), ⊙(ESQ)\odot(ESQ) is the intersection point UU of BCBC and SQSQ, hence from the tangency of UEUE to ⊙(ESQ)\odot(ESQ) we know UE‾2=US⋅UQ=UR⋅UP\overline{UE}^2 = US \cdot UQ = UR \cdot UP, that is, UEUE is tangent to ⊙(ERP)\odot(ERP). Combining with UEUE tangent to ⊙(EBC)\odot(EBC), we obtain that ⊙(EBC)\odot(EBC) and ⊙(ERP)\odot(ERP) are tangent. □\square

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from en; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.