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Bulgarian National Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 5.6 AIME, harder Prove it Bulgaria

The hexagon ABLCDKABLCDK is inscribed and the line LKLK intersects the segments ADAD, BCBC, ACAC and BDBD in points MM, NN, PP and QQ, respectively. Prove that NL⋅KP⋅MQ=KM⋅PN⋅LQNL \cdot KP \cdot MQ = KM \cdot PN \cdot LQ.

Solution

First solution. Denote s=sin⁡A^B2s = \sin \frac{\hat{A}B}{2}, t=sin⁡B^L2t = \sin \frac{\hat{B}L}{2}, u=sin⁡L^C+A^K2u = \sin \frac{\hat{L}C + \hat{A}K}{2}, v=sin⁡C^K2v = \sin \frac{\hat{C}K}{2}, w=sin⁡D^K2w = \sin \frac{\hat{D}K}{2} and x=sin⁡L^D+A^K2x = \sin \frac{\hat{L}D + \hat{A}K}{2}. Then we consecutively have
NL⋅KP⋅MQKM⋅PN⋅LQ=NLNC⋅NCNP⋅KPAK⋅AKKM⋅MQDQ⋅DQLQ=tv⋅us⋅vu⋅xw⋅sx⋅wt=1. \frac{NL \cdot KP \cdot MQ}{KM \cdot PN \cdot LQ} = \frac{NL}{NC} \cdot \frac{NC}{NP} \cdot \frac{KP}{AK} \cdot \frac{AK}{KM} \cdot \frac{MQ}{DQ} \cdot \frac{DQ}{LQ} = \frac{t}{v} \cdot \frac{u}{s} \cdot \frac{v}{u} \cdot \frac{x}{w} \cdot \frac{s}{x} \cdot \frac{w}{t} = 1.

Second solution. We choose T∈MNT \in MN such that ∠NTB=∠ADB=∠ACB\angle NTB = \angle ADB = \angle ACB and NN is between PP and TT. Then △CNP∼△TNB\triangle CNP \sim \triangle TNB and therefore (TL+NL)PN=CN⋅BN(TL + NL)PN = CN \cdot BN, whence TL=NL⋅KPPNTL = \frac{NL \cdot KP}{PN}. Analogously, △DQM∼△TQB\triangle DQM \sim \triangle TQB implies TL=LQ⋅KMMQTL = \frac{LQ \cdot KM}{MQ} and we have the desired result.

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