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Iranian Mathematical Olympiad

Algebra Difficulty 6.0 National Olympiad Prove it Iran

For positive real numbers aa, bb, cc and dd such that ∑cyc1ab=1\sum_{cyc} \frac{1}{ab} = 1, prove that
abcd+16≥8(a+c)(1a+1c)+8(b+d)(1b+1d). abcd + 16 \geq 8\sqrt{(a+c)\left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{c}\right)} + 8\sqrt{(b+d)\left(\frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{d}\right)}.

Solution

First note that (a+c)(1a+1c)=ac+ca+2=(ac+ca)2(a+c)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\right) = \frac{a}{c} + \frac{c}{a} + 2 = \left(\sqrt{\frac{a}{c}} + \sqrt{\frac{c}{a}}\right)^2 and so
(a+c)(1a+1c)=ac+ca \sqrt{(a+c)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\right)} = \sqrt{\frac{a}{c}} + \sqrt{\frac{c}{a}}
Similarly (b+d)(1b+1d)=bd+db\sqrt{(b+d)\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{d}\right)} = \sqrt{\frac{b}{d}} + \sqrt{\frac{d}{b}}.
On the other hand, for the left hand side of inequality, because of the hypothesis ∑cyc1ab=1\sum_{cyc} \frac{1}{ab} = 1, we have
abcd=(a+c)(b+d)(1a+1c)(1b+1d)=(ac+ca)2(bd+db)2 abcd = (a+c)(b+d)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{d}\right) = \left(\sqrt{\frac{a}{c}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a}}\right)^2\left(\sqrt{\frac{b}{d}}+\sqrt{\frac{d}{b}}\right)^2
So we must prove X2Y2+16≥8(X+Y)X^2Y^2 + 16 \ge 8(X + Y), where X=ac+caX = \sqrt{\frac{a}{c}} + \sqrt{\frac{c}{a}} and Y=bd+dbY = \sqrt{\frac{b}{d}} + \sqrt{\frac{d}{b}}. Note that by AM-GM inequality X≥2X \ge 2 and Y≥2Y \ge 2. Therefore, (X−1)(Y−1)≥1(X - 1)(Y - 1) \ge 1 and consequently, XY≥X+YXY \ge X + Y. This implies the assertion, because (XY)2+16≥8XY≥8(X+Y)(XY)^2 + 16 \ge 8XY \ge 8(X + Y).

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