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Taiwan IMO Selection Camp

Geometry Difficulty 6.3 National Olympiad Prove it Taiwan

Let AXYZBAXYZB be a convex pentagon inscribed in a semicircle with diameter ABAB, and let KK be the foot of the altitude from YY to ABAB. Let OO denote the midpoint of ABAB and LL the intersection of XZXZ with YOYO. Select a point MM on line KLKL with MA=MBMA = MB, and finally, let II be the reflection of OO across XZXZ.
Prove that if quadrilateral XKOZXKOZ is cyclic then so is quadrilateral YOMIYOMI.

Solution

Extend the semicircle to a full circle Γ\Gamma. Let line LKLK meet Γ\Gamma at two points P,QP, Q. On ray OMOM, find a point WW satisfying OW⋅OM=OA⋅OBOW \cdot OM = OA \cdot OB. From this, we know that P,Q,W,OP, Q, W, O are concyclic; let this circle be γ\gamma.
Figure 1
The radical center of the three circles Γ,γ\Gamma, \gamma, and the circumcircle of XKOZXKOZ is the point LL, because line XZXZ and PQPQ are radical axes. Therefore line YOYO is the radical axis of Γ\Gamma and γ\gamma.
Let TT be the intersection of XZXZ and ABAB. Since
KO⋅KT=KA⋅KB=KP⋅KQ, KO \cdot KT = KA \cdot KB = KP \cdot KQ,

the point TT also lies on circle γ\gamma. Moreover, from
TA⋅TB=TK⋅TZ=TK⋅TO, TA \cdot TB = TK \cdot TZ = TK \cdot TO,
we know that TY‾\overline{TY} is tangent to Γ\Gamma.
Let SS be the midpoint of segment YW‾\overline{YW}. Considering the homothety centered at point WW with ratio 22, we know that the line through SS and the midpoint of WT‾\overline{WT} is perpendicular to YO‾\overline{YO}. Moreover, SS lies on the perpendicular bisector of KO‾\overline{KO}. Therefore, SS is the center of the circumcircle of quadrilateral XKOZXKOZ.
Finally, since Y,S,WY, S, W are collinear, we have
OS⋅OI=OW⋅OM=OY2, OS \cdot OI = OW \cdot OM = OY^2,
from which we know ∠OIM=∠OWS=∠OWY=∠OYM\angle OIM = \angle OWS = \angle OWY = \angle OYM. Hence quadrilateral YOMIYOMI is cyclic. Q.E.D.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from zh; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.