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Number theory Difficulty 4.7 AIME Prove it Slovenia

Let aa, bb and cc be positive integers such that a2+b2+c2a^2 + b^2 + c^2 is divisible by 77. Prove that a4+b4+c4a^4 + b^4 + c^4 is also divisible by 77.

Solution

When divided by 77 a perfect square can give the remainder 00, 11, 22 or 44. For a2+b2+c2a^2 + b^2 + c^2 to be divisible by 77, the numbers a2a^2, b2b^2 and c2c^2 must either all give the remainder 00, or they must give three different remainders, 11, 22 and 44.

In the first case the numbers aa, bb, cc are divisible by 77, so a4+b4+c4a^4 + b^4 + c^4 is divisible by 77 as well.

In the second case we may assume that a2=7k+1a^2 = 7k + 1, b2=7m+2b^2 = 7m + 2 and c2=7n+4c^2 = 7n + 4 for some integers kk, mm and nn. In this case
a4+b4+c4=(7k+1)2+(7m+2)2+(7n+4)2=49(k2+m2+n2)+14(k+m+n)+21, a^4 + b^4 + c^4 = (7k+1)^2 + (7m+2)^2 + (7n+4)^2 = 49(k^2+m^2+n^2)+14(k+m+n)+21,
which is again divisible by 77.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.