In a chess tournament, there were contestants and any two of them played at most one game against each other. Each contestant has played exactly games. For any two contestants and who had played against each other, there were exactly other participants who have played against both and . On the other hand, for any two contestants and who had not played against each other, there were exactly other participants who have played against both and . Find the value of .
Solution
Answer:
Pick any contestant . Suppose he has played against (call these Group Y contestants). Denote the contestants who have not played against by (call these Group Z contestants).

A Group Y contestant (who has played against ) has exactly common opponents with (who must be Group Y contestants), and so has played against exactly Group Z contestants. On the other hand, since a Group Z contestant has not played against , he has exactly common opponents with (who must be Group Y contestants). Thus the number of games between a Group Y contestant and a Group Z contestant is equal to as well as . It follows that these numbers are equal, and so
The scenario described in the question is indeed possible. Note that the answer is actually . To construct the scenario, label the contestants by -element subsets of , and let two contestants play a game if and only if their corresponding subsets have a common element. It is easy to check that all given conditions are satisfied.