Let be an acute-angled triangle and let , , and be the feet of altitudes from , , and to sides , , and , respectively. Denote by and the incircles of triangles and , and let these circles be tangent to segments and at and , respectively. Let line meet circles and again at and , respectively. Prove that .
(Vietnam)
, 2019
Solution
Denote the centres of and by and , let their radii be and , and let be tangent to the two circles at and , respectively.

From the cyclic quadrilaterals and we have
so the right-angled triangles and are similar. The ratio of similarity between the two triangles is
Let and . The lines and are tangent to and , respectively, so
(It is possible that or coincides with or , or lie inside triangles or , respectively. To reduce case-sensitivity, we may use directed angles or simply ignore angles and .)
In the circles and the lengths of chords and are
By applying the sine rule to triangle we get
Finally, putting the above observations together, we get
so as required.
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