Problem:
Given points, some pairs joined by an edge (an edge never joins a point to itself). Given any two distinct points you can reach one from the other in just one way by moving along edges. Prove that there are edges.
Solution
Solution:
Every point must have at least one edge. We show that there is a point with just one edge. Suppose the contrary, that every point has at least two edges. We now construct a path in which the same edge or point never appears twice. Starting from any point , move along an edge to . is not already on the path, because otherwise the edge would join to itself. Now suppose we have reached a point not previously on the path. has at least two edges, so it must have another one besides the one we used to reach it. Suppose this joins to . If is already on the path, then we have two distinct ways of moving along edges from to : directly, or by backtracking along the path from to . But this is impossible, so is not already on the path and we may extend the path to it. But this procedure allows us to construct a path containing more than the distinct points available. Contradiction.
The result is now easy. Induction on . Take a point with just one edge. Remove it and the edge. Then the remaining points satisfy the premise and hence have just edges.