Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2008

Geometry Difficulty 6.2 National Olympiad Prove it JBMO

Problem:

Two perpendicular chords of a circle, AMA M, BNB N, which intersect at point KK, define on the circle four arcs with pairwise different length, with ABA B being the smallest of them. We draw the chords ADA D, BCB C with ADBCA D \parallel B C and C,DC, D different from N,MN, M. If LL is the point of intersection of DND N, MCM C and TT the point of intersection of DCD C, KLK L, prove that KTC=KNL\angle K T C = \angle K N L.

Figure 1

Solution

Solution:

First we prove that NLMCN L \perp M C. The arguments depend slightly on the position of DD. The other cases are similar.
From the cyclic quadrilaterals ADCMA D C M and DNBCD N B C we have:
D C L = D A M and C D L = C B N.\text{D C L = D A M and C D L = C B N.}
So we obtain
D C L + C D L = D A M + C B N.\text{D C L + C D L = D A M + C B N.}
And because ADBCA D \parallel B C, if ZZ is the point of intersection of AMA M, BCB C then D A M = B Z A\text{D A M = B Z A}, and we have
D C L + C D L = B Z A + C B N = 90\text{D C L + C D L = B Z A + C B N = 90}
Let PP be the point of intersection of KLK L, ACA C, then NPACN P \perp A C, because the line KPLK P L is a Simson line of the point NN with respect to the triangle ACMA C M.
From the cyclic quadrilaterals NPCLN P C L and ANDCA N D C we obtain:
C P L = C N L and C N L = C A D,\text{C P L = C N L and C N L = C A D,}
so C P L = C A D\text{C P L = C A D}, that is KLADBCK L \parallel A D \parallel B C therefore K T C = A D C\text{K T C = A D C} (1).

But A D C = A N C = A N K + K N C = C N L + K N C\text{A D C = A N C = A N K + K N C = C N L + K N C}, so
A D C = K N L\text{A D C = K N L}
From (1) and (2) we obtain the result.

Figure 2

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