3 rectangles are placed on a plane, and any 2 rectangles have their edges that are parallel to each other. They divide the plane into several parts. Determine the maximum possible number of such parts. (We consider the area that are contained in no rectangles as one part. For example, if we have only 1 rectangle, the plane is divided into 2 parts.)
Solution
We will show that in case of rectangles the answer is . We call each divided part region.
rectangles divide plane into regions, where is a rectangle with corners at , , , . Therefore we only have to show that rectangles cannot divide the plane into more than regions.
Induction. The case is trivial. Suppose that the case is true. Let be rectangles with the property in the problem, and be the regions divided by . By the induction's hypothesis, we have .
Let be the border of . Suppose that for , and shares finitely many points. (The proof goes the same way if it's not satisfied). Let be the intersection of and , ordered along . since and crosses at 4 or less points. Add polygonal lines one by one to . One line increases the number of region by 1 or less, So adding all polygonal lines increases the number of region by or less.
Since adding is equivalent to adding , the number of regions divided by is
So we have completed the induction. Therefore, the answer of the problem is 14.