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Number theory Difficulty 4.4 AIME Prove it North Macedonia

The sequence 4949, 44894489, 444889444889, ... is given so that the number 4848 is put in the middle of the preceding term. Prove that every term in the sequence is perfect square.

Solution

Let us assume that A=44448889A = 444\ldots488\ldots89, i.e. A=44448889A = \overline{444\ldots488\ldots89}.

Then A=4111110n+81111+1. \text{Then } A = 4 \cdot \overline{111\ldots1} \cdot 10^n + 8 \cdot \overline{111\ldots1} + 1.
Now 1111=10n1+10n2++102+10+1=10n1101=10n19. \text{Now } \overline{111\ldots1} = 10^{n-1} + 10^{n-2} + \dots + 10^2 + 10 + 1 = \frac{10^n - 1}{10 - 1} = \frac{10^n - 1}{9}.
Then A=49(10n1)10n+89(10n1)+1=49102n+4910n+19=(210n+13)2. \text{Then } A = \frac{4}{9}(10^n - 1)10^n + \frac{8}{9}(10^n - 1) + 1 = \frac{4}{9}10^{2n} + \frac{4}{9}10^n + \frac{1}{9} = \left(\frac{2 \cdot 10^n + 1}{3}\right)^2.
The sum of the digits of 210n+12 \cdot 10^n + 1 is equal to 33, then 210n+12 \cdot 10^n + 1 is divisible by 33.

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