Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2022

Algebra Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Find the answer United States

Let aa, bb, cc, dd, ee, ff, gg, hh, ii be distinct integers from 11 to 99. The minimum possible positive value of
abcdefghi \frac{a \cdot b \cdot c - d \cdot e \cdot f}{g \cdot h \cdot i}
can be written as mn\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+nm+n.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Solution:
First consider the case when abc=def+1abc = def + 1. Let X=abcX = abc. Then
abcdefghi=1ghi=abcdef9!=X(X1)9! \frac{abc - def}{ghi} = \frac{1}{ghi} = \frac{abcdef}{9!} = \frac{X \cdot (X-1)}{9!}
Because X>1X > 1, this is an increasing function of XX. Note that X(X1)=abcdef6!X(X - 1) = abcdef \ge 6!, and therefore X28X \ge 28. Either XX or X1X - 1 is odd and is therefore a product of three distinct odd factors from {1,2,,9}\{1, 2, \dots, 9\}.
If X1=27X - 1 = 27, then {d,e,f}={1,3,9}\{d, e, f\} = \{1, 3, 9\}. However, X=28X = 28 is not factorable into three distinct positive integers each greater than 11. The next odd number greater than 2727 whose prime factors are less than 1010 is 35=75135 = 7 \cdot 5 \cdot 1. If either XX or X1X - 1 is 3535, then the other is either 3434 or 3636. But 1717 is a prime factor of 3434, so this forces XX to be 36=63236 = 6 \cdot 3 \cdot 2.
Therefore in the case when abcabc and defdef are consecutive integers, the minimum value of the expression is
36359!=632751984=1288 \frac{36 \cdot 35}{9!} = \frac{6 \cdot 3 \cdot 2 - 7 \cdot 5 \cdot 1}{9 \cdot 8 \cdot 4} = \frac{1}{288}
If abcdef+2abc \ge def + 2, then
abcdefghi2987=1252>1288 \frac{abc - def}{ghi} \ge \frac{2}{9 \cdot 8 \cdot 7} = \frac{1}{252} > \frac{1}{288}
Hence the least possible positive value of the expression is 1288\frac{1}{288}. The requested sum is 1+288=2891 + 288 = 289.

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