Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2010

Geometry Difficulty 5.5 AIME, harder Prove it Austria

We are given a triangle ABCABC and a point DD on the side BCBC. Let UU be the circumcenter of BDA\triangle BDA and VV the circumcenter of CDA\triangle CDA. Prove that the triangles AUVAUV and ABCABC are similar.
G. Baron, Vienna

Solution

Let the point CC' be chosen in such a way that triangles ABC\triangle ABC and ACC\triangle ACC' are similar and have no common interior points. Furthermore, let DD' be chosen on CCCC' such that triangles ABD\triangle ABD and ACD\triangle ACD' are also similar. This means that ACC\triangle ACC' results from ABC\triangle ABC by rotation and subsequent homothety with ratio AC:ABAC : AB, both with center AA.

Figure 1

Since DCD=DCA+ACD=CBA+ACB\angle D'CD = \angle D'CA + \angle ACD = \angle CBA + \angle ACB and DAD=CAB\angle D'AD = \angle CAB, we see that DCD+DAD=180\angle D'CD + \angle D'AD = 180^\circ. This means that the points AA, DD, CC and DD' lie on a common circle. The circumcenter VV of CDA\triangle CDA is therefore also the circumcenter of CDA\triangle CD'A, and therefore results from the circumcenter UU of BDA\triangle BDA by rotation and subsequent homothety with ratio AC:ABAC : AB, both with center AA.

We therefore see that UAV=BAC\angle UAV = \angle BAC and AU:AV=AB:ACAU : AV = AB : AC. Triangles ABCABC and AUVAUV are therefore similar, as claimed.

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