Let a≥b and c≥d be real numbers. Prove that the equation (x+a)(x+d)+(x+b)(x+c)=0 has real roots.
Solution
Let f(x)=(x+a)(x+d)+(x+b)(x+c). The leading coefficient of f(x) is 2. Hence f(x) is positive for large values of x. We have f(−a)+f(−b)f(−c)+f(−d)=(b−a)(c−a)+(a−b)(d−b)=(a−b)(−c+a+d−b),=(a−c)(d−c)+(b−d)(c−d)=(c−d)(−a+c+b−d). We know that a≥b and c≥d. If f(−a)+f(−b)≤0, then we are done; then either f(−a)≤0 or f(−b)≤0 so that f(x) crosses the x-axis at some point. Otherwise −c+a+d−b>0. This implies that −a+c+b−d<0. But then f(−c)+f(−d)=(c−d)(−a+c+b−d)≤0. We conclude that either f(−c)≤0 or f(−d)≤0. Again f(x) crosses the x-axis somewhere.
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