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Junior Balkan Mathematical Olympiad Shortlist

Geometry Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it JBMO

Problem:
Let ADAD, BFBF and CECE be the altitudes of △ABC\triangle ABC. A line passing through DD and parallel to ABAB intersects the line EFEF at the point GG. If HH is the orthocenter of △ABC\triangle ABC, find the angle CGH^\widehat{CGH}.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Solution:
We can see easily that points CC, DD, HH, FF lie on a circle of diameter [CH][CH].
Take {F,G′}=⊙(CHF)∩EF\{F, G'\} = \odot(CHF) \cap EF. We have EFH^=BAD^=BCE^=DFH^\widehat{EFH} = \widehat{BAD} = \widehat{BCE} = \widehat{DFH} since the quadrilaterals AEDCAEDC, AEHFAEHF, CDHFCDHF are cyclic. Hence FBFB is the bisector of EFD^\widehat{EFD}, so HH is the midpoint of the arc DG′DG'. It follows that DG′⊥CHDG' \perp CH since [CH][CH] is a diameter. Therefore DG′∥ABDG' \parallel AB and G≡G′G \equiv G'. Finally GG lies on the circle ⊙(CFH)\odot(CFH), so HGC^=90∘\widehat{HGC} = 90^\circ.

Figure 1

Solution 2

Solution:
The quadrilateral AEHFAEHF is cyclic since AEH^=AFH^=90∘\widehat{AEH} = \widehat{AFH} = 90^\circ, so EAD^≡GFH^\widehat{EAD} \equiv \widehat{GFH}.
But AB∥GDAB \parallel GD, hence EAD^≡GDH^\widehat{EAD} \equiv \widehat{GDH}. Therefore GFH^≡GDH^⇒DFGH\widehat{GFH} \equiv \widehat{GDH} \Rightarrow DFGH is cyclic.
Because the quadrilateral CDHFCDHF is cyclic since CDH^=CFH^=90∘\widehat{CDH} = \widehat{CFH} = 90^\circ, we conclude that the quadrilateral CFGHCFGH is cyclic, which gives that CGH^=CFH^=90∘\widehat{CGH} = \widehat{CFH} = 90^\circ.

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