Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 7.1 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it Netherlands

In an acute triangle ABCABC, the centre of the incircle is II, and AC+AI=BC|AC| + |AI| = |BC|. Prove that BAC=2ABC\angle BAC = 2\angle ABC.

Solution

Let DD be a point on BCBC such that CD=AC|CD| = |AC|. Because BC=AC+AI|BC| = |AC| + |AI|, the point DD lies on the interior of side BCBC, and we have BD=AI|BD| = |AI|. Because triangle ACDACD is isosceles, the angle bisector CICI is also the perpendicular bisector of ADAD, hence AA is the reflection of DD in CICI. Hence, we get CDI=CAI=IAB\angle CDI = \angle CAI = \angle IAB, hence 180BDI=IAB180^\circ - \angle BDI = \angle IAB, which means that quadrilateral ABDIABDI is cyclic. In this cyclic quadrilateral BDBD and AIAI have the same length. Therefore, ABAB and IDID are parallel. Hence, ABDIABDI is an isosceles trapezium, which has equal angles at the base. Hence, CBA=DBA=BAI=12BAC\angle CBA = \angle DBA = \angle BAI = \frac{1}{2}\angle BAC, which proves the statement. \square

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