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Geometry Difficulty 6.2 National Olympiad Prove it Iran

A circle passing through vertices BB and CC of triangle ABCABC intersects sides ACAC and ABAB at points DD and EE, respectively. If PP is the intersection point of BDBD and CECE, HH is the foot of the perpendicular line from PP to ACAC and MM and NN are the midpoints of BCBC and APAP, prove that triangles MNHMNH and CAECAE are similar.

Solution

Let KK and TT be the reflections of PP with respect to MM and HH, respectively. According to Thales' Theorem, triangles AKTAKT and MNHMNH are similar. On the other hand, for triangles ABDABD and AECAEC, EBD=ECD\angle EBD = \angle ECD and BAC\angle BAC appears in both triangles; therefore, these two triangles are similar. Now it suffices to prove that triangles AKTAKT and ABDABD are similar, i.e. it must be shown that BAD=KAT\angle BAD = \angle KAT and ABAD=AKAT\frac{AB}{AD} = \frac{AK}{AT}.

Figure 1

Note that these relations are equivalent to the similarity of triangles ADTADT and ABKABK. But TT is the reflection of PP with respect to line ACAC, so triangles ADTADT and ADPADP are congruent and it suffices to show that triangles APDAPD and ABKABK are similar.

Since diameters of quadrilateral BPCKBPCK bisect each other, it is a parallelogram. Thus BKCPBK \parallel CP. This implies that
ABK=AEC=180BEC=180BDC=ADB. \angle ABK = \angle AEC = 180^\circ - \angle BEC = 180^\circ - \angle BDC = \angle ADB.
Furthermore, since BPCKBPCK is a parallelogram, BK=CPBK = CP.

In order to complete the proof it has to be shown that
ADDP=ABBK=ABCP. \frac{AD}{DP} = \frac{AB}{BK} = \frac{AB}{CP}.

Figure 2

To prove this, the law of sines can be used in triangles PDCPDC and ABDABD. It is sufficient to prove that
sin(ADB)sin(ABD)=sin(CDP)sin(DCP). \frac{\sin(\angle ADB)}{\sin(\angle ABD)} = \frac{\sin(\angle CDP)}{\sin(\angle DCP)}.
But ABD=DCP\angle ABD = \angle DCP and ADB=180CDP\angle ADB = 180^\circ - \angle CDP, which means the equation above holds, and this completes the proof.

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