Problem:
Find a number with five digits, all different and none zero, which equals the sum of all distinct three digit numbers whose digits are all different and are all digits of .
Solution
Solution:
There are numbers with a given digit of in the units place. Similarly, there are with it in the tens place and with it in the hundreds place. So the sum of the 3 digit numbers is , where . So . We can easily see that is too small and is too big, so or . Obviously must be even. is too small, so or . Working mod , we see that , so . Working , we see that . Using the result, or or or or or or or . Putting each of these into the result gives mod . So putting and remembering that must be and that all digits must be different gives or or as the only possibilities. It is then straightforward but tiresome to check that none of these give a solution for . Similarly putting , gives or as the only possibilities. Checking, we find the solution above and no others.