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Taiwan IMO Selection Camp, 2022

Geometry Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Prove it Taiwan

In triangle ABCABC, let points B′B', C′C' be the midpoints of sides ACAC and ABAB respectively, and let point HH be the foot of the altitude passing through vertex AA. Prove that the circumcircles of triangles AB′C′AB'C', BC′HBC'H and B′CHB'CH meet at a common point II, and that line HIHI bisects segment B′C′B'C'.

Solution

Figure 1

Let point FF be the midpoint of B′C′B'C', let point A′A' be the midpoint of BCBC, and let line HFHF meet the circumcircle of △BHC′\triangle BHC' again at point II; also let line AA′AA' meet the circumcircle of △ABC\triangle ABC again at point MM. Triangle HB′C′HB'C' is congruent to △AB′C′\triangle AB'C', hence similar to △ABC\triangle ABC. Since

∠C′IF=∠ABC=∠A′MC, \angle C'IF = \angle ABC = \angle A'MC,
∠C′FI=∠AA′B=∠MA′C, \angle C'FI = \angle AA'B = \angle MA'C,
2C′F=C′B′, 2C'F = C'B',
2A′C=CB,2A'C = CB,

we have △C′IB′∼△CMB\triangle C'IB' \sim \triangle CMB, and therefore ∠FIB′=∠A′MB=∠ACB\angle FIB' = \angle A'MB = \angle ACB. Since ∠C′IB′=180∘−∠C′AB′\angle C'IB' = 180^\circ - \angle C'AB'), it follows that II lies on the circumcircles of △AB′C′\triangle AB'C' and △HCB′\triangle HCB'.

Solution 2. Denote the three interior angles of △ABC\triangle ABC by α,β,γ\alpha, \beta, \gamma respectively. It is easy to see that △ABC∼△HC′B′\triangle ABC \sim \triangle HC'B'. There exists a unique point II inside △HC′B′\triangle HC'B' satisfying
∠HIB′=180∘−γ,∠HIC′=180∘−β,∠C′IB′=180∘−α, \angle HIB' = 180^\circ - \gamma, \quad \angle HIC' = 180^\circ - \beta, \quad \angle C'IB' = 180^\circ - \alpha,
so the three circles mentioned in the problem must all pass through point II.
Let line HIHI meet B′C′B'C' at point FF. We now show that FB′=FC′′FB' = FC''. From ∠HIB′+∠HB′F=180∘\angle HIB' + \angle HB'F = 180^\circ, we obtain ∠IHB′=∠IB′F\angle IHB' = \angle IB'F. Similarly, ∠IHC′=∠IC′F\angle IHC' = \angle IC'F. Hence the circumcircles of △IHC′\triangle IHC' and △IHB′\triangle IHB' are tangent to B′C′B'C', from which it follows that FB′2=FI⋅FH=FC′2FB'^2 = FI \cdot FH = FC'^2.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from zh; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.