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Geometry Difficulty 6.7 National olympiad Prove it Ukraine

Inscribed circle ω\omega of a triangle ABCABC touches its sides ABAB, BCBC, CACA at the points KK, LL, MM respectively. On the arc KLKL of the circle ω\omega that does not contain the point MM a point SS is chosen. Let PP, QQ, RR, TT be the points of intersection of the lines ASAS and KMKM, MLML and SCSC, LPLP and KQKQ, AQAQ and PCPC respectively. If the points RR, SS and MM are collinear, prove that TT also belongs to the line SMSM.

Solution

Consider the triangle SLMSLM. LCLC and MCMC are the tangent lines to the circumscribed circle of this triangle drawn at the points LL and MM, therefore SCSC is a simedian, and so MQCL=MS2SL2\frac{MQ}{CL} = \frac{MS^2}{SL^2}.

Similarly, KPPM=KS2SM2\frac{KP}{PM} = \frac{KS^2}{SM^2}. Let EE be the point of intersection of the lines KLKL and MRMR. Since the lines MEME, KQKQ and LPLP are concurrent, by the Ceva's theorem we have that KPPMMQQLLEEK=1\frac{KP}{PM} \cdot \frac{MQ}{QL} \cdot \frac{LE}{EK} = 1, hence applying the above equalities we obtain that LEEK=SL2KS2\frac{LE}{EK} = \frac{SL^2}{KS^2}. This implies that the line SESE is a simedian of the triangle SKLSKL, therefore it passes through the point of intersection of the tangents to the circumscribed circle of the triangle KSLKSL that are drawn at the points LL and KK, that is through the point BB (Fig. 49). So, we have proved that the points BB, SS, RR and MM are collinear.

Next we will prove that the point TT also belongs to this line. By the Ceva's theorem, it is sufficient to prove that APsinAMP=AMsinAPM\frac{AP}{\sin \angle AMP} = \frac{AM}{\sin \angle APM}, PSsinKMB=MSsinSPM\frac{PS}{\sin \angle KMB} = \frac{MS}{\sin \angle SPM}. Dividing the last two inequalities we obtain that APPS=AMsinAMKMSsinKMB\frac{AP}{PS} = \frac{AM \sin \angle AMK}{MS \sin \angle KMB}. Similarly, CQQS=MCsinCMLMSsinLMB\frac{CQ}{QS} = \frac{MC \sin \angle CML}{MS \sin \angle LMB}. Substitute the last two relations into the equality that we need to prove:
APPSSQQCCMMA=APPS=AMsinAMKMSsinKMBMSsinLMBMCsinCMLCMMA=sinAMKsinLMBsinKMBsinCML \frac{AP}{PS} \cdot \frac{SQ}{QC} \cdot \frac{CM}{MA} = \frac{AP}{PS} = \frac{AM \sin \angle AMK}{MS \sin \angle KMB} \cdot \frac{MS \sin \angle LMB}{MC \sin \angle CML} \cdot \frac{CM}{MA} = \frac{\sin \angle AMK \cdot \sin \angle LMB}{\sin \angle KMB \cdot \sin \angle CML}
By the sine theorem for the triangles BLMBLM and BMKBMK, we obtain:
BLBM=sinLMBsinBLM=sinLMBsinMLC=sinLMBsinCML, since the triangle MLC is isosceles. Similarly, BKBM=sinKMBsinAMK \frac{BL}{BM} = \frac{\sin \angle LMB}{\sin \angle BLM} = \frac{\sin \angle LMB}{\sin \angle MLC} = \frac{\sin \angle LMB}{\sin \angle CML}, \text{ since the triangle MLC is isosceles. Similarly, } \frac{BK}{BM} = \frac{\sin \angle KMB}{\sin \angle AMK}
Therefore,
APPSSQQCCMMA=sinAMKsinLMBsinKMBsinCML=BMBKBLBM=1, \frac{AP}{PS} \cdot \frac{SQ}{QC} \cdot \frac{CM}{MA} = \frac{\sin \angle AMK \cdot \sin \angle LMB}{\sin \angle KMB \cdot \sin \angle CML} = \frac{BM}{BK} \cdot \frac{BL}{BM} = 1,

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.