Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2023

Number theory Difficulty 5.9 AIME, harder Prove it Taiwan

A positive integer is said to be so-last-year if it has three distinct positive divisors whose sum is equal to 20222022. Determine the smallest so-last-year number.

Solution

Observe 13441344 is a solution as 6+672+1344=20226 + 672 + 1344 = 2022. Claim that 13441344 is the smallest one. Towards contradiction, assume N<1344N < 1344 is also so-last-year, then there exist a<b<ca < b < c, such that
2022=N(1a+1b+1c)<1344(1a+1b+1c) 2022 = N \left( \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{c} \right) < 1344 \left( \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{c} \right)
and so
1a+1b+1c>20221344=32+1224 \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{c} > \frac{2022}{1344} = \frac{3}{2} + \frac{1}{224}
If a>1a > 1 then
1a+1b+1c12+13+14<32, \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{c} \leq \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} < \frac{3}{2},
so we must have a=1a = 1. Similarly, we must have b<4b < 4 since
1a+1b+1c11+14+15<32, \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{c} \leq \frac{1}{1} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} < \frac{3}{2},
For the case b=3b = 3, we have c=4,5c = 4, 5, and 2022=1912N2022 = \frac{19}{12}N or 2022=2315N2022 = \frac{23}{15}N respectively, both are impossible since neither 1212 nor 1515 divides 20222022. So a=1,b=2a = 1, b = 2. Note c<224c < 224 since
1a+1b+1c>32+1224. \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{c} > \frac{3}{2} + \frac{1}{224}.
and so
2022=N(1a+1b+1c=3c+22cN) 2022 = N \left( \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{c} = \frac{3c+2}{2c} N \right)
Easy to see that gcd(3c+2,c)2\gcd(3c+2, c) \mid 2 hence 3c+220224=233373c+2 \mid 2022 \cdot 4 = 2^3 \cdot 337. 3c+2>83c+2 > 8 because c>b=2c > b = 2.
So we must have 3c+2=23373c+2 = 2 \cdot 337, hence c=224c = 224, contradicts to the assumption c<224c < 224.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from zh; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.