Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / Romanian Mathematical Olympiad /171 of 275

Romanian Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 6.0 National Olympiad Prove it Romania

Let MM be the midpoint of the side [AB][AB] of the square ABCDABCD, let PP be the projection of BB on CMCM and let NN be the midpoint of the segment [CP][CP]. The bisector of the angle DANDAN meets line DPDP in QQ. Show that the quadrilateral BMQNBMQN is a parallelogram.

Adrian Bud

Figure 1

Solution

From △BMC∼△PBC\triangle BMC \sim \triangle PBC follows BMPB=BCPC\frac{BM}{PB} = \frac{BC}{PC}, hence CP=2BPCP = 2BP, so [BP]=[PN]=[NC][BP] = [PN] = [NC].

Figure 1

Then ΔNCD≡ΔPBC\Delta NCD \equiv \Delta PBC (SAS) leads to DNC^=BPC^\widehat{DNC} = \widehat{BPC}, that is DN⊥CPDN \perp CP, so [DN][DN] is a median and an altitude in triangle DPCDPC. Therefore triangle DPCDPC is isosceles, with [DP]=[DC][DP] = [DC].

Denote EE the common point of the straight lines CMCM and ADAD. Then AA is the midpoint of [DE][DE], hence [NA][NA] is a median in the right triangle NDENDE. This leads to [NA]=[AD][NA] = [AD], hence triangle ADNADN is isosceles. Since AQAQ is a bisector, it is also an altitude, therefore AQ⊥DNAQ \perp DN. From DN⊥CMDN \perp CM follows AQ∥MNAQ \parallel MN (1).

Isosceles triangles ANEANE and DPCDPC yield ANP^+DPN^=DEC^+DCE^=90∘\widehat{ANP}+\widehat{DPN} = \widehat{DEC}+\widehat{DCE} = 90^\circ, whence DP⊥ANDP \perp AN. Since AQ⊥DNAQ \perp DN, the point QQ is the orthocenter of the triangle ADNADN, so NQ⊥ADNQ \perp AD.

This shows that NQ∥AMNQ \parallel AM and, using (1), we get that AMNQAMNQ is a parallelogram.
So the segments [AM][AM] and [NQ][NQ] are parallel and congruent, hence [BM][BM] and [NQ][NQ] are parallel and congruent, therefore BMQNBMQN is a parallelogram.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,604 problems in a working order, from Junior Challenge level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.