Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2008

Algebra Difficulty 4.9 AIME Prove it Ukraine

Find all the functions f:RRf: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} so that
f(f(y)+2+x)+f(f(y)x)=yf(y)(x+1) f(f(y) + 2 + x) + f(f(y) - x) = y f(y)(x + 1)
is true for any real numbers xx and yy.

Solution

Let's make substitution x=2tx = -2 - t where tt is an arbitrary real number. We find that f(f(y)t)+f(f(y)+2+t)=yf(y)(t+1)f(f(y) - t) + f(f(y) + 2 + t) = -y f(y)(t + 1). We can see that the left side of the equation has not changed while a minus sign appeared on its right side. Thus for all yy and tt the following equation should be true: yf(y)(t+1)=0y f(y)(t + 1) = 0, which implies that f(y)=0f(y) = 0 for all y0y \neq 0.
Let's make another substitution x=2x = -2, y=1y = 1. We find: f(0)+f(2)=0f(0) + f(2) = 0. As f(2)=0f(2) = 0, f(0)=0f(0) = 0. Evidently, the identically zero function fulfills the condition.

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