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Algebra Difficulty 3.8 AMC 10/12 Find the answer Japan

Let for kk, 0k90 \le k \le 9, aka_k be the coefficient of the xkx^k-term in the polynomial (x+1)3(x+2)3(x+3)3(x+1)^3(x+2)^3(x+3)^3. Find the value of a2+a4+a6+a8a_2 + a_4 + a_6 + a_8.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Using the coefficients a0,a1,a2,,a9a_0, a_1, a_2, \dots, a_9, we can write
(x+1)3(x+2)3(x+3)3=a0+a1x+a2x2++a8x8+a9x9. (x+1)^3(x+2)^3(x+3)^3 = a_0 + a_1x + a_2x^2 + \dots + a_8x^8 + a_9x^9.
Substitution of x=1x = 1 and x=1x = -1 in the equation above yields, respectively
a0+a1+a2++a8+a9=233343 a_0 + a_1 + a_2 + \dots + a_8 + a_9 = 2^3 \cdot 3^3 \cdot 4^3
a0a1+a2a3+a4a5+a6a7+a8a9=0. a_0 - a_1 + a_2 - a_3 + a_4 - a_5 + a_6 - a_7 + a_8 - a_9 = 0.
From these identities we obtain a0+a2+a4+a6+a8=12(233343+0)=6912a_0 + a_2 + a_4 + a_6 + a_8 = \frac{1}{2}(2^3 \cdot 3^3 \cdot 4^3 + 0) = 6912. By substituting x=0x = 0 in the equation above, we also get a0=132333=216a_0 = 1^3 \cdot 2^3 \cdot 3^3 = 216. We can therefore conclude that a2+a4+a6+a8=6912216=6696a_2 + a_4 + a_6 + a_8 = 6912 - 216 = 6696.

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