AlgebraDifficulty 4.5AIMEProve itCzech-Polish-Slovak Mathematical Match
Show that for any real x>0 and integer n>0 we have xn+xn1−2≥n2(x+x1−2).
Solution
Without loss of generality assume that y=x>1. The identity a2+a21−2=(a−a1)2 reduces the problem to showing that yn−yn1≥n(y−y1) or y2n−n(yn+1−yn−1)−1≥0. Upon division by y−1>0 this follows from the following computation: y−1y2n−1−y−1nyn−1(y2−1)=i=0∑2n−1yi−n(yn−1+yn)==i=0∑n−1(y2n−1−i−yn−yn−1+yi)=i=0∑n−1yi(yn−1−i−1)(yn−i−1)≥0.
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