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Geometry Difficulty 8.1 Shortlist Prove it Belarus

Inside an isosceles triangle ABCABC (AB=BCAB = BC), a point DD is chosen so that ADC=150\angle ADC = 150^\circ. On the segment CDCD, a point EE is chosen so that AE=ABAE = AB.
Prove that if BAE+CBE=60\angle BAE + \angle CBE = 60^\circ, then BDC+EAC=90\angle BDC + \angle EAC = 90^\circ.

Solution

Let us rotate AED\triangle AED around the point AA so that EBE \to B, DTD \to T, and reflect ABT\triangle ABT symmetrically with respect to BTBT (AFA \to F). Since ADE=150\angle ADE = 150^\circ, then the triangle ATFATF is equilateral. Let us prove that FD=DCFD = DC. Denote EAB=α\angle EAB = \alpha and AED=β\angle AED = \beta. Then

ABC=ABE+CBE=180α2+(60α)=1503α2 and BAC=15+3α4. \angle ABC = \angle ABE + \angle CBE = \frac{180^\circ - \alpha}{2} + (60^\circ - \alpha) = 150^\circ - \frac{3\alpha}{2} \text{ and } \angle BAC = 15^\circ + \frac{3\alpha}{4}.
FCD=FCADCA=12FBA(DEAEAC)==β(βEAC)=EAC=BACα=15α4. \begin{aligned} \angle FCD &= \angle FCA - \angle DCA = \frac{1}{2}\angle FBA - (\angle DEA - \angle EAC) = \\ &= \beta - (\beta - \angle EAC) = \angle EAC = \angle BAC - \alpha = 15^\circ - \frac{\alpha}{4}. \end{aligned}

Here we used the fact that the points DD and AA lie in the same half-plane relative to the line FCFC, since ACD<AED=β=ACF\angle ACD < \angle AED = \beta = \angle ACF.

Note that TFD=12TAD=α2\angle TFD = \frac{1}{2}\angle TAD = \frac{\alpha}{2}, so
DFC=AFCAFD=12ABC(AFTTFD)=(753α4)(60α2)=15α4. \angle DFC = \angle AFC - \angle AFD = \frac{1}{2}\angle ABC - (\angle AFT - \angle TFD) = \left(75^\circ - \frac{3\alpha}{4}\right) - \left(60^\circ - \frac{\alpha}{2}\right) = 15^\circ - \frac{\alpha}{4}.
Figure 1
Therefore, DFC=FCD\angle DFC = \angle FCD, i.e. FD=DCFD = DC. Hence FCBDFC \perp BD, i.e. BDC+FCD=90\angle BDC + \angle FCD = 90^\circ. Recalling that FCD=EAC\angle FCD = \angle EAC, we obtain the statement of the problem.

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